目錄
1、梁昌運與霍邱縣人民政府國土資源局建設用地使用權出讓合同糾紛案
2、青海茂祥房地產開發有限公司與青海省氣象局財產損害賠償糾紛案
3.重慶融豪投資（集團）有限公司與瀘州市江陽區人民政府等合同糾紛案
4.佛山市百業房地產開發有限公司破產重整案
5.錦州市自來水總公司與錦州市古塔區古塔賓館供用水合同糾紛案
6.邯鄲市金城機電物資有限公司與磁縣教育局買賣合同糾紛案
7.沈陽重型冶礦機械制造公司四廠與沈陽北重冶礦電站設備研制有限公司等股東出資糾紛案
8.中靜實業（集團）有限公司與上海電力實業有限公司、中國水利電力物資有限公司、上海新能源環保工程有限公司、上海聯合產權交易所股權轉讓糾紛案
9．上海中邦機有限公司與上海第三機床廠、上海三機液壓成套有限公司買賣合同糾紛案
10.海門市海永農機經營部與中國石油天然氣股份有限公司上海銷售分公司租賃合同糾紛案
一、梁昌運與霍邱縣人民政府國土資源局建設用地使用權出讓合同糾紛案
（一）基本案情
2014年，梁(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)通過招投標競得霍(huo)(huo)國土(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)［2011］82號國有(you)建設用地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，與霍(huo)(huo)邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政府(fu)(fu)(fu)國土(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局簽訂(ding)的《國有(you)建設用地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)掛牌成交(jiao)(jiao)確認書》《國有(you)建設用地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)合同(tong)(tong)》約(yue)定(ding)(ding)：霍(huo)(huo)邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政府(fu)(fu)(fu)國土(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局在2014年9月17日前(qian)將(jiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)宗(zong)地(di)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)(fu)給梁(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)，用地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)金為5953350元(yuan)，定(ding)(ding)金為400萬(wan)元(yuan)，定(ding)(ding)金抵作土(tu)地(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)價款，自合同(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)之日起(qi)60日內(nei)一次性付(fu)(fu)清(qing)。合同(tong)(tong)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)未(wei)(wei)按時提供(gong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)地(di)超過60日，經(jing)催交(jiao)(jiao)后仍不能交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)(fu)土(tu)地(di)的，受讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)解除合同(tong)(tong)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應當(dang)雙倍返(fan)還定(ding)(ding)金，并(bing)退還已經(jing)支付(fu)(fu)國有(you)建設用地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)價款的其余部分(fen)，受讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)并(bing)可請(qing)求出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)賠償(chang)損失。合同(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)后，梁(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)交(jiao)(jiao)納定(ding)(ding)金400萬(wan)元(yuan)，并(bing)交(jiao)(jiao)清(qing)余下1953350元(yuan)，但(dan)霍(huo)(huo)邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政府(fu)(fu)(fu)國土(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局未(wei)(wei)依約(yue)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)(fu)土(tu)地(di)。梁(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)提起(qi)訴訟，請(qing)求人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法院判(pan)決霍(huo)(huo)邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政府(fu)(fu)(fu)國土(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局雙倍返(fan)還定(ding)(ding)金800萬(wan)元(yuan)、退還已支付(fu)(fu)土(tu)地(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)金1953350元(yuan)，賠償(chang)損失100萬(wan)元(yuan)。
（二）裁判結果
安徽省六安市中級人(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院一(yi)審認為,本案《建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地使用(yong)權出(chu)(chu)讓(rang)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)有(you)效(xiao)。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)依照合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)期限(xian)交(jiao)清了全部土(tu)(tu)地出(chu)(chu)讓(rang)金，霍(huo)(huo)(huo)邱縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局未(wei)(wei)在(zai)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)期限(xian)內交(jiao)付(fu)適合(he)(he)開發的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地已(yi)(yi)構成(cheng)違約，依法(fa)(fa)應當承擔(dan)違約責(ze)(ze)任。根(gen)據合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)有(you)權解(jie)除(chu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，要(yao)求霍(huo)(huo)(huo)邱縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局雙(shuang)倍返(fan)(fan)還定(ding)(ding)金、返(fan)(fan)還已(yi)(yi)交(jiao)付(fu)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地出(chu)(chu)讓(rang)金，并(bing)承擔(dan)賠償責(ze)(ze)任。但本案合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)金數額明顯過高(gao)，依法(fa)(fa)應當調整。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)主(zhu)張的(de)(de)損失(shi)無充分證據證實(shi)(shi)，其(qi)雖確實(shi)(shi)存在(zai)運(yun)營(ying)及融資(zi)成(cheng)本，但考慮雙(shuang)倍返(fan)(fan)還定(ding)(ding)金的(de)(de)數額并(bing)未(wei)(wei)過份高(gao)于或低于其(qi)實(shi)(shi)際損失(shi)，故(gu)對其(qi)要(yao)求另行(xing)支(zhi)付(fu)利(li)息及賠償損失(shi)的(de)(de)訴訟請求依法(fa)(fa)不予支(zhi)持(chi)。判決(jue)：一(yi)、解(jie)除(chu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)與(yu)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)邱縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局簽訂的(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)有(you)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地使用(yong)權出(chu)(chu)讓(rang)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》；二、霍(huo)(huo)(huo)邱縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局雙(shuang)倍返(fan)(fan)還梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)定(ding)(ding)金238.134萬(wan)元；三、霍(huo)(huo)(huo)邱縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)(tu)資(zi)源(yuan)局返(fan)(fan)還梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)已(yi)(yi)交(jiao)納的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地出(chu)(chu)讓(rang)金476.268萬(wan)元；三、駁回梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌運(yun)的(de)(de)其(qi)他訴訟請求。一(yi)審宣判后，雙(shuang)方當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)均未(wei)(wei)上訴。
（三）典型意義
本案是關于(yu)違反國有(you)土(tu)地使(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)應當承擔(dan)相應違約(yue)(yue)(yue)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)典型性案例。實踐中(zhong)，在國有(you)土(tu)地使(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)一(yi)些地方政(zheng)府的(de)(de)不規(gui)范行(xing)為，造成與非公有(you)制企業簽(qian)訂國有(you)土(tu)地使(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)后，不能按(an)約(yue)(yue)(yue)交(jiao)付土(tu)地，侵害(hai)了(le)非公有(you)制經(jing)(jing)濟主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)。在此情況下，依法(fa)(fa)(fa)維護(hu)(hu)非公有(you)制經(jing)(jing)濟主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)，是對其民(min)(min)事(shi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利平等(deng)保護(hu)(hu)原則的(de)(de)重要(yao)體(ti)現。本案中(zhong)，霍邱縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府國土(tu)資源局通過公開招投標程(cheng)序與梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌(chang)(chang)運(yun)簽(qian)訂了(le)土(tu)地使(shi)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌(chang)(chang)運(yun)也按(an)照合(he)同(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)交(jiao)納了(le)土(tu)地出(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)金，但霍邱縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府國土(tu)資源局沒有(you)依約(yue)(yue)(yue)交(jiao)付土(tu)地構(gou)成違約(yue)(yue)(yue)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌(chang)(chang)運(yun)根據合(he)同(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)解(jie)除(chu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)、返還(huan)土(tu)地出(chu)(chu)(chu)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)金、雙倍返還(huan)定(ding)(ding)金等(deng)合(he)理請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，均得到(dao)了(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院的(de)(de)支持。人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院審理該案件時(shi)，平等(deng)對待政(zheng)府機關和非公有(you)制經(jing)(jing)濟主(zhu)體(ti)，準確適用《合(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》相關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，依法(fa)(fa)(fa)支持梁(liang)(liang)(liang)昌(chang)(chang)運(yun)的(de)(de)相關訴訟請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，妥善維護(hu)(hu)了(le)非公有(you)制經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)。
二、青海茂祥房地產開發有限公司與青海省氣象局財產損害賠償糾紛案
（一）基本案情
2011年5月，民營企(qi)業(ye)青海(hai)茂(mao)祥(xiang)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)開(kai)發有限(xian)公(gong)司辦理(li)相關手續后(hou)建設開(kai)發位于青海(hai)省西寧市(shi)某商住(zhu)小區(qu)項目。后(hou)青海(hai)省氣象局(ju)將正(zheng)在(zai)施工(gong)使用(yong)的唯一通道(dao)堵塞(sai)，造成無法(fa)施工(gong)。經訴訟及(ji)強(qiang)制執行，該通道(dao)被疏通，共造成停工(gong)112天。青海(hai)茂(mao)祥(xiang)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)開(kai)發有限(xian)公(gong)司起(qi)訴要求青海(hai)氣象局(ju)支(zhi)付停工(gong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的違(wei)約金損失(shi)、人員工(gong)資損失(shi)、監理(li)費報(bao)酬損失(shi)、借款利息及(ji)罰息損失(shi)等各項損失(shi)合計4358404.81元。
（二）裁判結果
青(qing)海省西寧市中(zhong)級人民法(fa)(fa)院一審認為，根據《中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)(gong)和國民法(fa)(fa)通(tong)則(ze)》第八十三條關(guan)(guan)于(yu)“不動產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相鄰(lin)各方(fang)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)按照有(you)利生產(chan)(chan)、方(fang)便生活、團結互助、公平合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神，正確處理截水、排水、通(tong)行(xing)、通(tong)風、采光等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相鄰(lin)關(guan)(guan)系。給相鄰(lin)方(fang)造成妨(fang)(fang)礙或者損(sun)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)停止侵(qin)害，排除(chu)妨(fang)(fang)礙，賠償損(sun)失(shi)”及《最高人民法(fa)(fa)院關(guan)(guan)于(yu)貫(guan)徹執行(xing)<中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)(gong)和國民法(fa)(fa)通(tong)則(ze)>若干問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見（試行(xing)）》第一百條關(guan)(guan)于(yu)“一方(fang)必須在相鄰(lin)一方(fang)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)上通(tong)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)予以準(zhun)許；因(yin)此(ci)造成損(sun)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)給予適當(dang)(dang)補償”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，青(qing)海省氣象局(ju)理應(ying)向(xiang)青(qing)海茂祥(xiang)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)開發有(you)限(xian)公司承擔因(yin)侵(qin)權造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財產(chan)(chan)損(sun)害賠償責任(ren)。判決：青(qing)海省氣象局(ju)賠償青(qing)海茂祥(xiang)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)開發有(you)限(xian)公司各項經濟損(sun)失(shi)1055240元；駁回(hui)青(qing)海茂祥(xiang)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)開發有(you)限(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他訴訟(song)請求。
青(qing)海省氣象局、青(qing)海茂(mao)祥(xiang)房地產開發(fa)有限(xian)公司上(shang)訴(su)后，青(qing)海省高(gao)級人民法院(yuan)作出二審判決：駁回上(shang)訴(su),維持原判。
（三）典型意義
本案(an)是(shi)因相鄰關(guan)(guan)系(xi)造(zao)成(cheng)妨礙應(ying)當(dang)(dang)承擔民事責(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)典型性(xing)案(an)例。實踐中(zhong)存(cun)在非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企業(ye)和政府(fu)機關(guan)(guan)、國有(you)企業(ye)等(deng)因相鄰關(guan)(guan)系(xi)等(deng)非(fei)合(he)同關(guan)(guan)系(xi)引發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)民事糾紛，在此類糾紛中(zhong)，同樣(yang)需要依(yi)照法(fa)(fa)律規定，對非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)權益予(yu)以保護(hu)，而(er)不(bu)能允許其(qi)他主體對其(qi)合(he)法(fa)(fa)權益肆意侵害(hai)而(er)不(bu)承擔相應(ying)法(fa)(fa)律責(ze)任。本案(an)中(zhong)，青(qing)海省(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)象局(ju)(ju)堵塞(sai)青(qing)海茂(mao)(mao)祥房(fang)地(di)產(chan)開發(fa)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)開發(fa)建設青(qing)海省(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)象局(ju)(ju)舊房(fang)改造(zao)項目正在施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)唯一通道構成(cheng)侵權的(de)(de)(de)事實，已由另案(an)生效法(fa)(fa)律文(wen)書所(suo)確(que)(que)認，對于此侵權行為造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)海茂(mao)(mao)祥房(fang)地(di)產(chan)開發(fa)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)財產(chan)損(sun)失，青(qing)海省(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)象局(ju)(ju)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)予(yu)以賠(pei)償。因此，青(qing)海茂(mao)(mao)祥房(fang)地(di)產(chan)開發(fa)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)訴(su)訟請(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，在有(you)證據(ju)支持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)，得到了(le)人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)。人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)審理該案(an)件(jian)時(shi)，平等(deng)對待雙(shuang)方當(dang)(dang)事人(ren)，準確(que)(que)適(shi)用《民法(fa)(fa)通則》及其(qi)司(si)法(fa)(fa)解釋(shi)等(deng)相關(guan)(guan)規定，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)支持(chi)青(qing)海茂(mao)(mao)祥房(fang)地(di)產(chan)開發(fa)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)相應(ying)訴(su)訟請(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，維護(hu)了(le)其(qi)作為非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)權益。
三、重慶融豪投資（集團）有限公司與瀘州市江陽區人民政府等合同糾紛案
（一）基本案情
2008年(nian)，瀘州(zhou)市(shi)江陽區(qu)(qu)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)（以下(xia)(xia)簡稱(cheng)區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)）通過公開招商，與民(min)營(ying)企業重慶融豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)（集團）有(you)(you)限公司（以下(xia)(xia)簡稱(cheng)融豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司）訂立一系列土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)整理項目投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)，約定由融豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)3.2億(yi)元對(dui)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)兩塊土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)實施土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)整理。協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)訂立后，融豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司陸續(xu)(xu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)入1億(yi)余元資(zi)(zi)金用于(yu)該(gai)項目。2014年(nian)，區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)向融豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司發(fa)函(han)稱(cheng)，以上協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)違反國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)規范國(guo)有(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)使用權出(chu)讓收支管(guan)理的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》和四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)廳、省(sheng)(sheng)財政(zheng)(zheng)廳、省(sheng)(sheng)監察廳、省(sheng)(sheng)審(shen)計廳聯合下(xia)(xia)發(fa)的(de)(de)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)進(jin)一步加(jia)強國(guo)有(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)使用權出(chu)讓收支管(guan)理的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》文件精神，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)終止(zhi)履(lv)行以上協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)。融豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司訴至法(fa)院(yuan)，請求(qiu)(qiu)確認(ren)區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)終止(zhi)履(lv)行協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)函(han)無效，并(bing)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)繼續(xu)(xu)履(lv)行協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)。
（二）裁判結果
重(zhong)慶(qing)市(shi)高級人(ren)(ren)(ren)民法院一(yi)審認為：區政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)為是(shi)否產生效力(li)應當(dang)依據《中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和(he)國合同(tong)法》第九十四(si)條的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定進行(xing)審查。該(gai)條規(gui)(gui)定：“有(you)下列情形之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)，當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)可以解(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)合同(tong)：（一(yi)）因不(bu)可抗力(li)致(zhi)使不(bu)能實(shi)現合同(tong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)；（二）在(zai)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)期(qi)限屆滿之前，當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)方(fang)明確(que)表(biao)(biao)示或者以自己的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為表(biao)(biao)明不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)主要債(zhai)(zhai)務；（三(san)）當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)方(fang)遲延(yan)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)主要債(zhai)(zhai)務，經催告后在(zai)合理(li)期(qi)限內仍未履(lv)(lv)行(xing)；（四(si)）當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)方(fang)遲延(yan)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)債(zhai)(zhai)務或者有(you)其(qi)他(ta)違約行(xing)為致(zhi)使不(bu)能實(shi)現合同(tong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)；（五）法律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)情形。”本案(an)中,區政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)所提及兩(liang)份文件并(bing)非法律(lv)、行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)法規(gui)(gui)，且未對本案(an)所涉協議(yi)(yi)(yi)明令禁止(zhi)，區政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)以政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)變化為由要求解(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)相關(guan)協議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)由不(bu)能成立，其(qi)發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)終止(zhi)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)協議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)函不(bu)產生解(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)效力(li)。判決(jue)(jue)：確(que)認解(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)協議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)函無效，區政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)繼續履(lv)(lv)行(xing)與融(rong)豪(hao)投資公司簽(qian)訂的(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)協議(yi)(yi)(yi)。一(yi)審判決(jue)(jue)后，雙方(fang)當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)未上訴。
（三）典型意義
本(ben)案是規(gui)范(fan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府機關擅(shan)自(zi)解除民商事合(he)同(tong)行為(wei)的(de)(de)典型(xing)案例。實踐(jian)中，個別地方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府與非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企業簽訂民商事合(he)同(tong)后(hou)，以各(ge)種借(jie)口否認合(he)同(tong)效力，達到不(bu)履行合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，影響(xiang)正(zheng)常市場交(jiao)易秩序(xu)，侵害了(le)非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企業的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)，應予規(gui)范(fan)。本(ben)案中，區政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府通過公(gong)開招(zhao)商程序(xu)與融(rong)豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)公(gong)司(si)訂立投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)協議(yi)，但在融(rong)豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)公(gong)司(si)做了(le)大量投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入后(hou)，卻以投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)協議(yi)違反(fan)有(you)關文件為(wei)由要求終止協議(yi)的(de)(de)履行，有(you)違誠(cheng)信。法(fa)院審理(li)該案時，平等對待融(rong)豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)公(gong)司(si)與區政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府，準確適用《合(he)同(tong)法(fa)》關于合(he)同(tong)解除的(de)(de)相關規(gui)定，依法(fa)支持(chi)融(rong)豪(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)公(gong)司(si)要求繼(ji)續履行協議(yi)的(de)(de)請求，有(you)效地維(wei)護了(le)非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企業的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)。
四、佛山市百業房地產開發有限公司破產重整案
（一）基本案情
廣東一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)銅業(ye)(ye)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、廣東一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)門窗(chuang)幕墻有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、廣東一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)投資(zi)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、佛山市百(bai)(bai)(bai)業(ye)(ye)房(fang)地產(chan)開發(fa)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)（下稱百(bai)(bai)(bai)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)）、廣東一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)房(fang)地產(chan)發(fa)展有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、廣東銀一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)創新鋁業(ye)(ye)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)，為民營(ying)(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)集(ji)團旗下六(liu)(liu)(liu)家關聯公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)于2015年1月12日以不能(neng)清(qing)償(chang)到(dao)期債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)為由(you)，向法院提交破(po)(po)產(chan)重(zhong)整申請。經調查：百(bai)(bai)(bai)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)自(zi)身債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)不大，但與另外五家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)互聯互保(bao)，對外擔(dan)保(bao)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)竟達(da)8億多元；以上六(liu)(liu)(liu)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)現金(jin)鏈斷裂，無法維持正常生產(chan)及經營(ying)(ying)，無法支付貨款、銀行(xing)到(dao)期貸款本息(xi)，明顯喪失清(qing)償(chang)能(neng)力；部分供(gong)貨商及銀行(xing)起(qi)訴六(liu)(liu)(liu)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)并查封部分資(zi)產(chan)；若(ruo)債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)通(tong)過訴訟、執(zhi)行(xing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)或(huo)直接申請六(liu)(liu)(liu)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)破(po)(po)產(chan)清(qing)算，將導(dao)致近1300名(ming)員工失業(ye)(ye)，嚴重(zhong)影響社會穩(wen)定；六(liu)(liu)(liu)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)資(zi)產(chan)優質，存在通(tong)過破(po)(po)產(chan)重(zhong)整盤活資(zi)產(chan)、恢復生產(chan)經營(ying)(ying)的(de)可能(neng)。
(二)裁判結果
2015年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)，廣東省(sheng)佛山市中(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)(yuan)依法召集22家(jia)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)金融機構及供(gong)貨商代表(biao)，聽取對六(liu)家(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)破(po)產(chan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)意見。2月(yue)(yue)(yue)5日(ri)(ri)(ri)，法院(yuan)(yuan)依法組織持異(yi)議的(de)(de)五家(jia)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)及六(liu)家(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)前(qian)三大債權人(ren)(ren)舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)聽證會，對部(bu)分銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)提出的(de)(de)異(yi)議再(zai)次(ci)聽證，征(zheng)詢其對六(liu)家(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)破(po)產(chan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)意見。3月(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri)(ri)(ri)，法院(yuan)(yuan)對破(po)產(chan)原因及重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)可能性進行(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)查后，根據《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)破(po)產(chan)法》第(di)七十(shi)一條關于(yu)“人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)(yuan)經審(shen)(shen)查認為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)符(fu)合本法規定(ding)的(de)(de)，應(ying)當裁(cai)定(ding)債務(wu)人(ren)(ren)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，并(bing)(bing)予以公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告”之規定(ding)，裁(cai)定(ding)受理百(bai)業(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)等六(liu)家(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)，并(bing)(bing)指定(ding)管理人(ren)(ren)接管百(bai)業(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)。6月(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)，管理人(ren)(ren)召開第(di)二(er)次(ci)債權人(ren)(ren)會議，各表(biao)決(jue)組均通過以新投(tou)資(zi)人(ren)(ren)注入(ru)資(zi)金的(de)(de)方式清償債務(wu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃（草案）。同日(ri)(ri)(ri)，法院(yuan)(yuan)根據《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)破(po)產(chan)法》第(di)八十(shi)六(liu)條關于(yu)“各表(biao)決(jue)組均通過重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃草案時，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃即為(wei)(wei)通過。自重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃通過之日(ri)(ri)(ri)起(qi)十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)內，債務(wu)人(ren)(ren)或者管理人(ren)(ren)應(ying)當向人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)(yuan)提出批準(zhun)(zhun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃的(de)(de)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)。人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法院(yuan)(yuan)經審(shen)(shen)查認為(wei)(wei)符(fu)合本法規定(ding)的(de)(de)，應(ying)當自收(shou)到申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)之日(ri)(ri)(ri)起(qi)三十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)內裁(cai)定(ding)批準(zhun)(zhun)，終止重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)程(cheng)序，并(bing)(bing)予以公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告”之規定(ding)，作出民(min)(min)事裁(cai)定(ding)，批準(zhun)(zhun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃并(bing)(bing)終止百(bai)業(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)程(cheng)序。自此，百(bai)業(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)進入(ru)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)劃執行(xing)(xing)(xing)階段。
(三)典型意義
本案是(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)運(yun)用破(po)產(chan)(chan)重(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)制度幫(bang)助(zhu)困難民(min)營企業走出困境(jing)的(de)典(dian)型案例。百(bai)業公(gong)司(si)(si)等六(liu)(liu)家(jia)關(guan)聯企業申(shen)請(qing)破(po)產(chan)(chan)。人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)受理破(po)產(chan)(chan)申(shen)請(qing)后(hou)(hou)，現場走訪六(liu)(liu)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)，調查生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)及經(jing)營現狀(zhuang)，并(bing)聽(ting)取(qu)了主要債權(quan)人(ren)(ren)及供(gong)貨(huo)(huo)商(shang)代表關(guan)于六(liu)(liu)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)破(po)產(chan)(chan)重(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)意見(jian)。經(jing)調查，人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)發現，六(liu)(liu)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)資產(chan)(chan)優質(zhi)，若通(tong)過破(po)產(chan)(chan)重(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)盤活資產(chan)(chan)、恢復生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營，有(you)利(li)(li)于提(ti)高債權(quan)人(ren)(ren)尤(you)其是(shi)供(gong)貨(huo)(huo)商(shang)等普通(tong)債權(quan)人(ren)(ren)的(de)受償(chang)率，穩定(ding)數(shu)百(bai)名(ming)(ming)供(gong)貨(huo)(huo)商(shang)情緒，近(jin)1300名(ming)(ming)員工也不會(hui)面臨(lin)失業的(de)風險，當地社會(hui)和諧(xie)穩定(ding)將得到有(you)效維護。而且，絕大多數(shu)債權(quan)人(ren)(ren)均希(xi)望六(liu)(liu)家(jia)債務(wu)人(ren)(ren)重(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)，當時(shi)部分項目(mu)已有(you)投資者愿意接手，但均表示應在重(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)程序(xu)啟動后(hou)(hou)進行。基(ji)于以(yi)上(shang)事實，人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)根據六(liu)(liu)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)破(po)產(chan)(chan)申(shen)請(qing)，將六(liu)(liu)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)合并(bing)破(po)產(chan)(chan)，并(bing)通(tong)過破(po)產(chan)(chan)重(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)拯救了百(bai)業公(gong)司(si)(si)，實現了債權(quan)人(ren)(ren)、債務(wu)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)及其他利(li)(li)益(yi)主體多贏(ying)的(de)局面。
當(dang)前，我國(guo)正處于(yu)經(jing)濟增速換擋、結(jie)構調(diao)整(zheng)陣痛、動能轉(zhuan)換困難相互交織的時期(qi)，經(jing)濟下行壓力加大，許多(duo)非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)因資金鏈斷裂而資不抵債。正確審(shen)理企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)破產(chan)案(an)件，防范和(he)化(hua)解企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)債務風(feng)險，特別是充分(fen)發揮破產(chan)重整(zheng)程序(xu)的特殊功能，盤活優質企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的資產(chan)，使其(qi)恢(hui)復生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)，對于(yu)挽(wan)救危困的非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，幫助和(he)支(zhi)持符合國(guo)家(jia)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)政策(ce)的非(fei)公(gong)有(you)制企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)恢(hui)復生(sheng)機、重返市場，具有(you)重要意義。
五、錦州市自來水總公司與錦州市古塔區古塔賓館供用水合同糾紛
（一）基本案情
錦州市自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總公司(si)（以下(xia)簡稱自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)）與(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)營(ying)企業錦州市古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)區古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)（以下(xia)簡稱古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)）之間存在供(gong)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)合同。2012年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份之前，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)均(jun)按(an)照合同約定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)及相關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)(na)了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)。2012年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)初，自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)工(gong)作(zuo)人員告(gao)知古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)該(gai)月(yue)(yue)(yue)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)1萬多元(yuan)(yuan)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)對此提(ti)出(chu)異(yi)議(yi)，未(wei)(wei)予交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)(na)。7月(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)(ri)，自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)給(gei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)出(chu)具了(le)(le)該(gai)月(yue)(yue)(yue)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量120噸、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)720元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)發票(piao)，要求古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)(na)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)未(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)(na)。7月(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri)，自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)為古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)更換了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)表，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)法(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)代表人、自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)工(gong)作(zuo)人員在會簽單上(shang)簽字(zi)。8月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri)(ri)(ri)、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)(ri)，自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)兩次向(xiang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)送達停(ting)(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通知書，限古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)分(fen)別于8月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)上(shang)午9時(shi)前補交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拖欠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)11904元(yuan)(yuan)、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)上(shang)午9時(shi)前補交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拖欠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)12624元(yuan)(yuan)，逾期不(bu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)將(jiang)按(an)有關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)實施停(ting)(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)，其后果自(zi)負(fu)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)因(yin)對該(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)存在異(yi)議(yi)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)涉(she)未(wei)(wei)果，故仍未(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)(na)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)，自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)向(xiang)該(gai)市公用(yong)事業與(yu)(yu)(yu)房產局申請停(ting)(ting)止向(xiang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，該(gai)局批示“同意(yi)按(an)有關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)處(chu)理(li)”。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)停(ting)(ting)止向(xiang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)館(guan)(guan)提(ti)起(qi)訴訟(song)，要求自(zi)來(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)恢(hui)復(fu)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。
（二）裁判結果
遼寧省錦(jin)州市(shi)古(gu)(gu)塔區人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院一審認為(wei)(wei)：自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單(dan)位，應當(dang)(dang)按(an)(an)照(zhao)合同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)和法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)及時(shi)為(wei)(wei)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。《城(cheng)市(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)條例》第二(er)十二(er)條規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：“城(cheng)市(shi)自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)企(qi)業和自(zi)建設(she)施對外(wai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)企(qi)業應當(dang)(dang)保持(chi)不間斷供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。由于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)、設(she)備維修等(deng)原(yuan)因確(que)需停止(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)，應當(dang)(dang)經城(cheng)市(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部門批(pi)準并(bing)(bing)(bing)提前２４小時(shi)通(tong)知用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單(dan)位和個人(ren)(ren)；因發生災害或者緊(jin)急事故，不能提前通(tong)知的(de)，應當(dang)(dang)在(zai)搶修的(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)通(tong)知用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單(dan)位和個人(ren)(ren)，盡快恢復正常供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)報(bao)告城(cheng)市(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部門。”古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)在(zai)2012年7月(yue)份(fen)以前一直按(an)(an)照(zhao)合同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)及有關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)，7月(yue)份(fen)未交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納是因為(wei)(wei)該(gai)月(yue)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)前明顯(xian)偏(pian)高(gao)，而自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)出具(ju)的(de)7百(bai)多元的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)發票與要求交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納的(de)費(fei)用金額不一致，且換(huan)表時(shi)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)表指數又有所更改，使(shi)古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)金額產(chan)生了合理懷疑(yi)。古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)正在(zai)與自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)涉，誰(shui)對誰(shui)錯并(bing)(bing)(bing)未確(que)定(ding)(ding)，古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)并(bing)(bing)(bing)非無(wu)故拒交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)。自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)對古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)停止(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)前雖向該(gai)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)用事業與房產(chan)局提出申請(qing)，但該(gai)局并(bing)(bing)(bing)未明確(que)批(pi)準其停止(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)對古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)停止(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)缺乏事實和法(fa)律(lv)依據，屬違約行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，應當(dang)(dang)立即(ji)為(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)恢復供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。根據《中華人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和國合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》第一百(bai)零七條關(guan)于“當(dang)(dang)事人(ren)(ren)一方不履行(xing)(xing)(xing)合同(tong)(tong)義務或者履行(xing)(xing)(xing)合同(tong)(tong)義務不符合約定(ding)(ding)的(de)，應當(dang)(dang)承擔(dan)繼續(xu)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)、采(cai)取(qu)補(bu)救(jiu)措施或者賠償損失等(deng)違約責(ze)任”之(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，判(pan)決(jue)：自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)于判(pan)決(jue)生效后立即(ji)為(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)塔賓(bin)館(guan)(guan)恢復供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自(zi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)上訴(su)后，錦(jin)州市(shi)中級人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院判(pan)決(jue)駁回上訴(su)、維持(chi)原(yuan)判(pan)。
（三）典型意義
本案(an)是人(ren)民法院(yuan)依(yi)法審理供(gong)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)合同糾(jiu)紛，保護非公有制(zhi)企業(ye)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)典型案(an)例(li)。用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)是企業(ye)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)基(ji)礎，因此(ci)，對于非公有制(zhi)企業(ye)在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)活動中(zhong)發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)糾(jiu)紛，要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時依(yi)法審理，保證企業(ye)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)。本案(an)中(zhong)，自來水(shui)(shui)公司在沒有正(zheng)(zheng)當理由的(de)情況下擅自停止(zhi)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)，給(gei)古塔(ta)賓(bin)(bin)館(guan)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)帶(dai)來很大(da)影(ying)響。人(ren)民法院(yuan)受理古塔(ta)賓(bin)(bin)館(guan)的(de)起訴后，依(yi)法及(ji)(ji)時審理了該案(an)，判決(jue)自來水(shui)(shui)公司在判決(jue)生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)后立即(ji)恢復供(gong)水(shui)(shui)，有效(xiao)維護了古塔(ta)賓(bin)(bin)館(guan)的(de)合法權益。
六、邯鄲市金城機電物資有限公司與磁縣教育局買賣合同糾紛案
（一）基本案情
2013年(nian)1月，河北省(sheng)磁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)校舍(she)安(an)全(quan)工程鋼材(cai)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)項(xiang)目采(cai)用競爭性談判的(de)方式對(dui)外招標(biao)(biao)，民營企業邯(han)鄲市金(jin)城機(ji)電物(wu)(wu)資有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)（以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)資公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)）依(yi)照《招標(biao)(biao)文件》投標(biao)(biao)并中(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)。2013年(nian)2月，河北省(sheng)磁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)（以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)）與物(wu)(wu)資公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)簽(qian)訂了《采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)同(tong)(tong)》。雖然(ran)《招標(biao)(biao)文件》對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)貨物(wu)(wu)的(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)、數量(liang)、規(gui)格、單價(jia)(jia)等(deng)做(zuo)了約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)，但《采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)同(tong)(tong)》僅對(dui)合(he)同(tong)(tong)金(jin)額進行(xing)了約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)，對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)貨物(wu)(wu)的(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)、數量(liang)、單價(jia)(jia)、規(gui)格和標(biao)(biao)準均未約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)，交(jiao)貨時間、運輸要求(qiu)、驗收事項(xiang)等(deng)亦未載明(ming)。合(he)同(tong)(tong)訂立后(hou)，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)一直未按合(he)同(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)向物(wu)(wu)資公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)鋼材(cai)。物(wu)(wu)資公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)訴至(zhi)法院，認(ren)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)校舍(she)安(an)全(quan)工程已經竣工，但縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)未按照合(he)同(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)向物(wu)(wu)資公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)鋼材(cai)，也未履行(xing)合(he)同(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)的(de)任何義務(wu)，請(qing)求(qiu)解除《采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)同(tong)(tong)》，判令縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)賠償物(wu)(wu)資公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)經濟損失。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)同(tong)(tong)意解除合(he)同(tong)(tong)，但認(ren)為(wei)《采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)同(tong)(tong)》未對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)貨物(wu)(wu)的(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)、數量(liang)、規(gui)格、標(biao)(biao)準等(deng)進行(xing)明(ming)確(que)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)，合(he)同(tong)(tong)未能(neng)履行(xing)的(de)原因不在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)不應承擔違(wei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)責(ze)任。
（二）裁判結果
河北(bei)省磁縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院一審認為(wei)：本案(an)爭議(yi)焦點(dian)在于(yu)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)與(yu)縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)之間(jian)的(de)(de)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》是(shi)否成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立以及(ji)縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)是(shi)否應當(dang)(dang)承擔(dan)違約(yue)責任。《最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院關于(yu)適用(yong)〈中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)國合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)〉若干問題的(de)(de)解(jie)釋（二）》第(di)一條第(di)一款規(gui)定：“當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)是(shi)否成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立存在爭議(yi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院能夠確(que)定當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)名稱或者姓名、標的(de)(de)和(he)數(shu)量的(de)(de)，一般應當(dang)(dang)認定合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立。但(dan)法(fa)(fa)律另(ling)有規(gui)定或者當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)另(ling)有約(yue)定的(de)(de)除(chu)外(wai)。”本案(an)中(zhong)，物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)提交的(de)(de)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》中(zhong)雖(sui)僅(jin)約(yue)定了合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)金(jin)(jin)額，但(dan)根據《招標文件》、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交通知(zhi)書(shu)及(ji)雙方簽(qian)訂《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)，可知(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)項目(mu)為(wei)鋼材，數(shu)量為(wei)906.458噸(dun)，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)金(jin)(jin)額為(wei)3639429元，故物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)與(yu)縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)所(suo)簽(qian)訂的(de)(de)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立。縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)作為(wei)發包人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，將相關工程分(fen)包給了某(mou)建筑公(gong)司(si)，且約(yue)定其(qi)不提供材料、設備，導致(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)與(yu)縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)所(suo)簽(qian)訂的(de)(de)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》事(shi)實上(shang)(shang)不能履(lv)行(xing)(xing)，縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)應承擔(dan)不履(lv)行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)違約(yue)責任。根據《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)國合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)》第(di)九十七條關于(yu)“合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)解(jie)除(chu)后(hou)，尚未(wei)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，終(zhong)止履(lv)行(xing)(xing)；已(yi)經履(lv)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，根據履(lv)行(xing)(xing)情況(kuang)和(he)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)性質，當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可以要求恢(hui)復(fu)原狀、采(cai)(cai)(cai)取其(qi)他補救措施、并有權要求賠償損(sun)失”之規(gui)定，判決(jue)：一、解(jie)除(chu)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)與(yu)縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)簽(qian)訂的(de)(de)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》；二、縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)于(yu)判決(jue)生效后(hou)十日內支付物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)相關損(sun)失39000元；三、駁回(hui)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)其(qi)他訴(su)訟請求。縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)上(shang)(shang)訴(su)后(hou)，邯鄲市中(zhong)級人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院判決(jue)駁回(hui)上(shang)(shang)訴(su)、維持原判。
（三）典型意義
本案(an)(an)是是規范政府機關(guan)不履(lv)行(xing)(xing)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》的(de)(de)(de)典型案(an)(an)例。合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是當(dang)事人(ren)之(zhi)間設立、變更、終(zhong)止(zhi)民事權利義(yi)務的(de)(de)(de)協議(yi)，各方(fang)當(dang)事人(ren)都應(ying)當(dang)按(an)照合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)全(quan)面履(lv)行(xing)(xing)自己的(de)(de)(de)義(yi)務。一方(fang)當(dang)事人(ren)未按(an)照合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，將侵害(hai)另(ling)一方(fang)當(dang)事人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權益(yi)(yi)。因(yin)此，對(dui)于(yu)未按(an)照約(yue)定(ding)(ding)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)事人(ren)，應(ying)嚴格(ge)依(yi)據合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)追究其違約(yue)責(ze)任(ren)。本案(an)(an)中，縣教育局(ju)通(tong)過招(zhao)投標程序與(yu)物資公司簽(qian)訂《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》后(hou)，并未按(an)照《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》向物資公司采(cai)(cai)(cai)購鋼(gang)材，反而以合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)未對(dui)貨(huo)物名稱、數量等進行(xing)(xing)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)為由推脫責(ze)任(ren)，造(zao)成(cheng)物資公司無法(fa)(fa)實現合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目的(de)(de)(de)。人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)受理本案(an)(an)后(hou)，準確(que)分析本案(an)(an)所涉(she)《采(cai)(cai)(cai)購合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》的(de)(de)(de)效力(li)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)判(pan)決(jue)縣教育局(ju)承擔(dan)違約(yue)責(ze)任(ren)，有(you)效地(di)保護了作為守(shou)約(yue)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)物資公司的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權益(yi)(yi)。
七、沈陽重型冶礦機械制造公司四廠與沈陽北重冶礦電站設備研制有限公司等股東出資糾紛案
（一）基本案情
2010年(nian)10月18日，國有(you)企業沈(shen)(shen)陽重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型冶(ye)礦(kuang)機(ji)械制(zhi)造公司(si)四(si)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)沈(shen)(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)四(si)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)）與民(min)營企業沈(shen)(shen)陽北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冶(ye)礦(kuang)電站設備(bei)研(yan)制(zhi)有(you)限公司(si)（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司(si)）簽訂了《合(he)資(zi)(zi)合(he)作協議(yi)書》，約定：沈(shen)(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)四(si)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)將(jiang)(jiang)五座廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房、辦公樓評(ping)估作價(jia)，以(yi)固(gu)定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)方式(shi)入股(gu)(gu)到北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司(si)，所占投(tou)資(zi)(zi)比例(li)為45%；另有(you)五個自然(ran)人以(yi)貨幣出(chu)資(zi)(zi)350萬元，占北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司(si)股(gu)(gu)份的55%；各方按照投(tou)資(zi)(zi)比例(li)進行(xing)利益分紅；沈(shen)(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)四(si)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的五處出(chu)資(zi)(zi)房產(chan)(chan)，經評(ping)估入股(gu)(gu)后歸屬北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司(si)，待具備(bei)一定條件時，辦理產(chan)(chan)權變更手續。因沈(shen)(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)四(si)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)一直(zhi)未將(jiang)(jiang)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)房產(chan)(chan)過戶至北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司(si)名下，北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司(si)訴至法(fa)院，要(yao)求沈(shen)(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)四(si)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)履行(xing)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)義務(wu)。
（二）裁判結果
遼寧省沈(shen)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)皇(huang)姑區人(ren)民法院一審(shen)認為：本案爭議焦點在于(yu)沈(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)四廠(chang)(chang)是否已履(lv)(lv)行(xing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)？《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)法》第(di)二十(shi)八條第(di)一款規(gui)(gui)定：“股(gu)東(dong)(dong)應當(dang)按期足額繳(jiao)納公(gong)(gong)司(si)章程中(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)(gui)定的各自所認繳(jiao)的出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)額。股(gu)東(dong)(dong)以(yi)貨(huo)幣出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)的，應當(dang)將(jiang)貨(huo)幣出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)足額存入有限責任公(gong)(gong)司(si)在銀行(xing)開設的賬戶(hu)；以(yi)非貨(huo)幣財產(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)的，應當(dang)依(yi)法辦(ban)理(li)其財產(chan)(chan)權的轉移手續。”本案中(zhong)(zhong)，沈(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)四廠(chang)(chang)雖然將(jiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)廠(chang)(chang)房交付北重(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)司(si)使用，但(dan)未辦(ban)理(li)房產(chan)(chan)變更(geng)手續，沈(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)四廠(chang)(chang)未履(lv)(lv)行(xing)完出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)，構成違約，應向(xiang)北重(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)司(si)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)。判決：沈(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)四廠(chang)(chang)于(yu)判決生效后(hou)(hou)十(shi)日內向(xiang)北重(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)司(si)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)股(gu)東(dong)(dong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)，并協助(zhu)辦(ban)理(li)房產(chan)(chan)的更(geng)名過戶(hu)手續。沈(shen)重(zhong)(zhong)四廠(chang)(chang)上訴(su)后(hou)(hou)，沈(shen)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)級人(ren)民法院判決駁回上訴(su)、維持原(yuan)判。
（三）典型意義
本案(an)是規范國(guo)有(you)企業依法(fa)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)義務(wu)的(de)典(dian)型案(an)例(li)。沈(shen)重(zhong)四(si)(si)廠(chang)與(yu)其他(ta)五(wu)個(ge)自然人股(gu)(gu)東(dong)共同出(chu)資(zi)(zi)設(she)立北重(zhong)公司(si)(si)，但沒(mei)有(you)按(an)照出(chu)資(zi)(zi)協議履(lv)(lv)行(xing)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)義務(wu)，北重(zhong)公司(si)(si)與(yu)其他(ta)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)通(tong)過訴訟尋求救濟。人民法(fa)院受理該案(an)后，認真審(shen)查沈(shen)重(zhong)四(si)(si)廠(chang)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)義務(wu)的(de)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)情況，根據《公司(si)(si)法(fa)》以及相關(guan)司(si)(si)法(fa)解釋關(guan)于實物(wu)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)的(de)規定(ding)，駁回(hui)沈(shen)重(zhong)四(si)(si)廠(chang)關(guan)于已(yi)經履(lv)(lv)行(xing)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)義務(wu)的(de)主張，依法(fa)支持北重(zhong)公司(si)(si)與(yu)其他(ta)五(wu)個(ge)自然人股(gu)(gu)東(dong)要求沈(shen)重(zhong)四(si)(si)廠(chang)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)義務(wu)的(de)請求，體現了對不同所(suo)有(you)制股(gu)(gu)東(dong)平等保護的(de)法(fa)律原則，有(you)效地(di)維護了非公有(you)制股(gu)(gu)東(dong)的(de)合法(fa)權益。
國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)、集(ji)體資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)、非國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)等(deng)交叉持股(gu)、相互融合的(de)(de)混(hun)合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟，是(shi)(shi)我國基(ji)本(ben)經濟制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要實現形式。發展混(hun)合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟，必須平(ping)等(deng)保護國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)與非國有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)。從公(gong)司出(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)來看，不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)股(gu)東(dong)還是(shi)(shi)非公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)股(gu)東(dong)，都應依(yi)法履(lv)行(xing)出(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務，任何一(yi)方未履(lv)行(xing)出(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務的(de)(de)，另一(yi)方均(jun)可以依(yi)法要求(qiu)其承擔補足出(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)違(wei)約責任。本(ben)案的(de)(de)審理，體現了(le)不(bu)同所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)主體出(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)務平(ping)等(deng)的(de)(de)理念，有(you)(you)(you)效保護了(le)混(hun)合所有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企業各類股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)合法權益。
八、中靜實業（集團）有限公司與上海電力實業有限公司、中國水利電力物資有限公司、上海新能源環保工程有限公司、上海聯合產權交易所股權轉讓糾紛案
（一）基本案情
民營企業中(zhong)靜(jing)實(shi)業(集團)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)（以下(xia)簡稱中(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)）、國(guo)有(you)企業上海電(dian)(dian)力實(shi)業有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)（以下(xia)簡稱電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)）系(xi)上海新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)環保工程(cheng)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)（以下(xia)簡稱新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)）的(de)股(gu)東，分別持(chi)股(gu)38.2%、61.8%。2012年2月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)通(tong)過股(gu)東大(da)會決議：同意電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)持(chi)股(gu)份(fen)，轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)價(jia)以評估(gu)價(jia)為依據(ju)；中(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)不放棄優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。5月(yue)(yue)25日(ri)，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)將股(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)材料(liao)報送某產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)。6月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)，產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)61.8%股(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)的(de)信息(xi)。7月(yue)(yue)2日(ri)，中(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)向(xiang)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)發函稱，根據(ju)框架(jia)協(xie)(xie)議及補充(chong)協(xie)(xie)議，系(xi)爭轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)股(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)信息(xi)披露遺漏(lou)、權(quan)(quan)(quan)屬(shu)存在(zai)爭議，中(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)享有(you)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，請求產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)暫停掛牌交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，重新(xin)(xin)披露信息(xi)。7月(yue)(yue)3日(ri)，中(zhong)國(guo)水(shui)利電(dian)(dian)力物資有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)（以下(xia)簡稱水(shui)利公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)）與電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)通(tong)過產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)簽訂產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)合同。9月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)向(xiang)水(shui)利公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)出具(ju)出資證明書，并將其(qi)列入公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)股(gu)東名冊，但未能(neng)(neng)辦理工商變更(geng)登記。中(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)訴至法院(yuan)，認為電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)擅自轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)股(gu)份(fen)侵(qin)害(hai)了其(qi)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，請求判令(ling)中(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)對電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)給水(shui)利公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)61.8%股(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)享有(you)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，并以轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)價(jia)48,691,000元行(xing)使優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。
（二）裁判結果
上海市(shi)黃(huang)浦區人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)一審認為(wei)：股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)賦予股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)。《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共和國公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)》第七十一條規(gui)定(ding)：“有限責任公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)之間可以相互轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)其(qi)全(quan)部或者部分股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)以外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，應(ying)當經(jing)其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)半數同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)。股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)應(ying)就其(qi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)事項書面(mian)通知其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)征(zheng)求同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)，其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自接到書面(mian)通知之日起滿三十日未(wei)(wei)答(da)復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，視為(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)半數以上不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)應(ying)當購(gou)(gou)買(mai)該(gai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)；不(bu)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，視為(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。經(jing)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，在同(tong)(tong)(tong)等條件(jian)下，其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。兩(liang)個(ge)以上股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)主張(zhang)行使優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，協商(shang)確定(ding)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)比例；協商(shang)不(bu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，按(an)照轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)時(shi)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出資比例行使優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)章程對(dui)(dui)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)另有規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，從其(qi)規(gui)定(ding)。”本案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)未(wei)(wei)明示放棄優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，且在股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)交易前(qian)向(xiang)產權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)交易所提出了異議，產權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)交易所在對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異議未(wei)(wei)予答(da)復，且未(wei)(wei)告知交易是否如(ru)期進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，直接將電力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)拍賣給水(shui)利(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，侵害了中(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，電力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與水(shui)利(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)發(fa)生效力。判決：中(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)對(dui)(dui)電力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)給水(shui)利(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)61.8%新(xin)能源公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)享有優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。電力公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、水(shui)利(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)上訴后，上海市(shi)第二中(zhong)(zhong)級人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)判決駁回上訴，維持原判。
（三）典型意義
本(ben)案是保護民營企業在(zai)(zai)有限責任公(gong)司(si)股權(quan)(quan)轉讓時享有優先購買權(quan)(quan)的典型案例。電(dian)力公(gong)司(si)作為(wei)國有企業，轉讓其股權(quan)(quan)時必須進(jin)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)，但進(jin)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)不能侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)其他股東(dong)的權(quan)(quan)利。產(chan)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)所在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)靜公(gong)司(si)提出異議卻未告知是否如期交(jiao)易(yi)的情況下(xia)，將電(dian)力公(gong)司(si)的股權(quan)(quan)轉讓給水利公(gong)司(si)，侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)了(le)中(zhong)靜公(gong)司(si)的優先購買權(quan)(quan)。人民法(fa)院審理本(ben)案時，平等對待不同所有制(zhi)股東(dong)，依(yi)法(fa)保護非公(gong)有制(zhi)企業中(zhong)靜公(gong)司(si)的優先購買權(quan)(quan)。
混(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，應當(dang)平等保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)與非公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)。由于混(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)業中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)同所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)的權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)體(ti)現(xian)為對(dui)混(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)業的股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，故保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)非公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經濟(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)的權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)就體(ti)現(xian)為對(dui)其股(gu)(gu)東(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)的保(bao)(bao)障。有(you)(you)限責任(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司中(zhong)(zhong)，股(gu)(gu)東(dong)對(dui)外轉讓股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時，其他股(gu)(gu)東(dong)的優先(xian)購買權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的重要內容之一，應依法(fa)予(yu)以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。人民(min)法(fa)院支(zhi)持中(zhong)(zhong)靜公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司要求行使優先(xian)購買權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的主(zhu)張，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)對(dui)混(hun)合所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)業中(zhong)(zhong)非公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)的平等保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。
九、上海中邦機有限公司與上海第三機床廠、上海三機液壓成套有限公司買賣合同糾紛案
（一）基本案情
民營企業(ye)上海(hai)中邦(bang)(bang)機有(you)限公司（以下(xia)簡(jian)稱中邦(bang)(bang)公司）訴稱，全民所有(you)制企業(ye)上海(hai)第(di)(di)三機床(chuang)廠（以下(xia)簡(jian)稱第(di)(di)三機床(chuang)廠）出于轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移虧損的車床(chuang)生(sheng)產線(xian)的目(mu)的，擬將普(pu)通磨床(chuang)、普(pu)通車床(chuang)系列整機生(sheng)產線(xian)移轉(zhuan)(zhuan)至中邦(bang)(bang)公司，中邦(bang)(bang)公司同(tong)意接受(shou)上述兩條(tiao)生(sheng)產線(xian)的移轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，并接受(shou)第(di)(di)三機床(chuang)廠分離的職工。雙方于2009年12月簽訂了轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓協議，約定：如遇(yu)原(yuan)材(cai)料價(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)變(bian)動，造成(cheng)生(sheng)產成(cheng)本(ben)降低或升高時，任何一(yi)方均有(you)權提供數據和(he)證明(ming)(ming)材(cai)料，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)理由要求對方調整收購價(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)。合同(tong)簽訂后(hou)，原(yuan)材(cai)料大幅上漲，但是第(di)(di)三機床(chuang)廠未能(neng)按(an)照合同(tong)的約定調整價(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)，也(ye)未支(zhi)付(fu)貨(huo)款(kuan)(kuan)。中邦(bang)(bang)公司先(xian)后(hou)提起（2011）松民二（商(shang)）初(chu)字(zi)第(di)(di)2077號(hao)案及（2013）松民二（商(shang)）初(chu)字(zi)第(di)(di)2435號(hao)案訴訟(song)，要求第(di)(di)三機床(chuang)廠支(zhi)付(fu)貨(huo)款(kuan)(kuan)及違約金。
第三機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)廠提起反訴，認(ren)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司沒(mei)有按(an)約(yue)(yue)定的(de)期限交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)(fu)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，同(tong)時(shi)還違反合同(tong)約(yue)(yue)定，將本(ben)應(ying)銷(xiao)售給第三機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)廠的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)銷(xiao)售給了(le)案外(wai)人進行謀利(li)，并且(qie)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)(fu)給第三機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)廠的(de)部(bu)分機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)不合格(ge)。故請求(qiu)法院判令：1.中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)未按(an)合同(tong)訂單欠(qian)交(jiao)(jiao)155臺車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)及違約(yue)(yue)金2,421,000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；2.中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)擅自銷(xiao)售車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)違約(yue)(yue)金3,230,000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);3.退(tui)回中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司不合格(ge)車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)55臺，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司退(tui)貨款(kuan)總價3,690,275元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);4.中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)退(tui)回車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)造成的(de)其(qi)他(ta)損失70,150元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)售后服務費(fei)80,972.85元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);5.中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)場地(di)租(zu)賃及設(she)備(bei)租(zu)賃費(fei)2,830,00元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)模具費(fei)472,768元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。
（二）裁判結果
上(shang)海(hai)市松(song)江(jiang)區人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院受(shou)理(li)兩起案件后(hou)，依據《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)(he)國民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第(di)九十三(san)(san)條規(gui)定：“人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院審理(li)民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)案件，根據當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自愿的(de)原則，在事(shi)(shi)(shi)實清楚的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)清是非，進(jin)行調(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)”之(zhi)規(gui)定，組(zu)織(zhi)雙(shuang)方調(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)。對于(yu)貨款(kuan)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，雙(shuang)方當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在法(fa)(fa)(fa)院主持下，自愿達(da)成調(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)協(xie)議：一(yi)、解(jie)(jie)(jie)除中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司(si)(si)與第(di)三(san)(san)機床(chuang)(chuang)廠(chang)簽(qian)訂的(de)框(kuang)架協(xie)議及(ji)定點收購協(xie)議；二、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司(si)(si)于(yu)2012年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)30日前(qian)返還(huan)第(di)三(san)(san)機床(chuang)(chuang)廠(chang)167臺加工(gong)租賃設(she)備及(ji)配套專用工(gong)具、圖紙技(ji)術文件等（詳見租賃設(she)備清單）；三(san)(san)、第(di)三(san)(san)機床(chuang)(chuang)廠(chang)于(yu)2012年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)30日前(qian)償付中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邦(bang)公司(si)(si)貨款(kuan)2,429,661.97元；四、雙(shuang)方之(zhi)間的(de)違(wei)(wei)約責任(ren)另行協(xie)商處(chu)理(li)，或可另案訴訟(song)(song)。關(guan)于(yu)違(wei)(wei)約金部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)處(chu)理(li)，雙(shuang)方之(zhi)間后(hou)來和(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)(jie)撤訴，互不追究(jiu)違(wei)(wei)約責任(ren)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)院根據《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)(he)國民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第(di)九十七(qi)條第(di)一(yi)款(kuan)關(guan)于(yu)“調(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)達(da)成協(xie)議，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院應(ying)當(dang)制作調(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)書(shu)”之(zhi)規(gui)定，制作了（2011）松(song)民(min)二（商）初字第(di)2077號(hao)民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)書(shu)。對于(yu)違(wei)(wei)約金部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，雙(shuang)方和(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)(jie)，撤回（2013）松(song)民(min)二（商）初字第(di)2435號(hao)案的(de)本訴和(he)(he)反訴，互不追究(jiu)違(wei)(wei)約責任(ren)。
（三）典型意義
本案(an)(an)是(shi)人(ren)民法(fa)院運(yun)(yun)用(yong)調解(jie)方(fang)(fang)式處理(li)企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)制糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典型案(an)(an)例。企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)制是(shi)我國特定(ding)歷史時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟現象，具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)性，經(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)涉及職工安置(zhi)問題(ti)。對于企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)制糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)，應當(dang)在(zai)堅(jian)持依法(fa)審理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，充分(fen)考慮企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)制具(ju)有(you)政策(ce)性強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，善于運(yun)(yun)用(yong)調解(jie)手段，有(you)效(xiao)化解(jie)糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)，確保各種(zhong)所(suo)有(you)制主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)權益不受(shou)侵害。本案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)買賣合(he)同實(shi)際(ji)是(shi)第三機(ji)床廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)制內容(rong)之一(yi)：第三機(ji)床廠(chang)希(xi)望(wang)通過(guo)買賣合(he)同剝離業(ye)務(wu)，將利(li)潤率較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)承(cheng)包(bao)給(gei)中邦(bang)(bang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，并(bing)讓中邦(bang)(bang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)幫助安置(zhi)職工；中邦(bang)(bang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)則希(xi)望(wang)第三機(ji)床廠(chang)給(gei)其(qi)帶(dai)來訂單與(yu)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)(chang)機(ji)會(hui)。如市場(chang)(chang)不出現波(bo)動，確實(shi)會(hui)出現雙(shuang)贏的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)。但在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)過(guo)程中，原材料價(jia)(jia)格節節攀升，致使中邦(bang)(bang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本大(da)幅(fu)增加，造成(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)困難(nan)，中邦(bang)(bang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)第三機(ji)床廠(chang)溝(gou)通漲價(jia)(jia)后如何調整收購價(jia)(jia)格未果(guo)(guo)，產(chan)生(sheng)糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)。法(fa)院在(zai)當(dang)事人(ren)自愿的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，將案(an)(an)件分(fen)案(an)(an)處理(li)，先(xian)調解(jie)解(jie)決了雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)爭(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)不大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)款問題(ti)，讓中邦(bang)(bang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)及時拿到(dao)(dao)應得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)款，維護了民營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)。對于雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)爭(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)違約(yue)金(jin)及反(fan)訴(su)部分(fen)，法(fa)院經(jing)(jing)(jing)庭審審查(cha)和(he)現場(chang)(chang)查(cha)看，發現雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)互有(you)違約(yue)，對雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)曉以(yi)(yi)利(li)害，最終雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)權衡利(li)弊，達成(cheng)案(an)(an)外(wai)和(he)解(jie)，互不追(zhui)究責任(ren)，并(bing)雙(shuang)雙(shuang)撤回了訴(su)訟請求(qiu)。本案(an)(an)所(suo)涉糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)矛盾較(jiao)大(da)，還涉及到(dao)(dao)職工安置(zhi)問題(ti)，處理(li)不好容(rong)易引(yin)發社會(hui)矛盾，最終案(an)(an)件以(yi)(yi)一(yi)個調解(jie)、一(yi)個撤訴(su)結(jie)(jie)案(an)(an)，并(bing)得(de)到(dao)(dao)順利(li)執行(xing)，真(zhen)正做到(dao)(dao)了案(an)(an)結(jie)(jie)事了，取得(de)了較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)和(he)社會(hui)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。
十、海門市海永農機經營部與中國石油天然氣股份有限公司上海銷售分公司租賃合同糾紛案
（一）基本案情
2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月19日(ri)，民營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)門市海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農(nong)機(ji)經(jing)營(ying)部(bu)(bu)（以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農(nong)機(ji)部(bu)(bu)）與中(zhong)國石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)天然氣股份有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)銷售分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)（以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)）簽訂《加油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)資產(chan)(chan)及(ji)經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)租(zu)賃(lin)合(he)(he)同(tong)》，由中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)向海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農(nong)機(ji)部(bu)(bu)租(zu)賃(lin)某加油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)資產(chan)(chan)及(ji)整體經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)；租(zu)賃(lin)期限為15年(nian)(nian)(nian)，自加油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)交(jiao)(jiao)接之日(ri)起(qi)(qi)計算租(zu)期，前兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)租(zu)金為每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)23萬(wan)元，第三年(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)18萬(wan)元。合(he)(he)同(tong)簽訂后，雙方于(yu)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日(ri)辦理交(jiao)(jiao)接手續，加油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)由中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)管理經(jing)營(ying)，但因相應證照(zhao)無(wu)法變(bian)更，中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)沒有按期給付(fu)(fu)租(zu)金。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農(nong)機(ji)部(bu)(bu)訴至法院，請求判令(ling)中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)租(zu)金和違(wei)約金。中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)反訴稱(cheng)，由于(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農(nong)機(ji)部(bu)(bu)未改制為公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)制企(qi)業(ye)，不同(tong)意變(bian)更營(ying)業(ye)執照(zhao)，導致中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)不能正常合(he)(he)法經(jing)營(ying)加油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)，合(he)(he)同(tong)目的無(wu)法實現，中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)有權(quan)要求解除(chu)合(he)(he)同(tong)，請求判令(ling)解除(chu)《加油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)資產(chan)(chan)及(ji)經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)租(zu)賃(lin)合(he)(he)同(tong)》，并(bing)要求海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農(nong)機(ji)部(bu)(bu)賠償損(sun)失35403803元。
（二）裁判結果
上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)市浦東新(xin)區人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院一審認為，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農機部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)簽訂(ding)的(de)(de)《加(jia)(jia)油(you)(you)站資產及經(jing)營權租賃(lin)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)》合(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)作為業(ye)內知名企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)，其有(you)能力亦(yi)有(you)條件對(dui)(dui)商業(ye)風險(xian)作出(chu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)，對(dui)(dui)商業(ye)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)失誤可(ke)(ke)能造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)損失應(ying)(ying)有(you)充分(fen)認知。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)訂(ding)立時，雙(shuang)方進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)溝通與(yu)協商，對(dui)(dui)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)期(qi)間可(ke)(ke)能出(chu)現的(de)(de)證照無(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)變更情(qing)形及解決(jue)(jue)(jue)方案(an)亦(yi)有(you)過考量與(yu)約(yue)定(ding)。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)簽訂(ding)后(hou)，雙(shuang)方辦(ban)理(li)了(le)交接(jie)手(shou)續，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農機部(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)了(le)協助義務，在證照無(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)變更的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，雙(shuang)方未(wei)達(da)成(cheng)(cheng)補充協議，由此引發的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)目的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)實現之(zhi)風險(xian)，不應(ying)(ying)歸責于(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農機部(bu)(bu)(bu)。根(gen)據《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共和國合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)》第九十七條關于(yu)“合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)解除(chu)后(hou)，尚未(wei)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，終止履(lv)行(xing)(xing)；已經(jing)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，根(gen)據履(lv)行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)和合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)性質，當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)要求(qiu)恢(hui)復原(yuan)狀、采取(qu)其他(ta)補救措施、并有(you)權要求(qiu)賠(pei)償(chang)損失”之(zhi)規定(ding)，判(pan)(pan)決(jue)(jue)(jue)：一、解除(chu)《加(jia)(jia)油(you)(you)站資產及經(jing)營權租賃(lin)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)》；二、中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)應(ying)(ying)于(yu)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)(jue)(jue)生效(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)起十日(ri)(ri)(ri)內支付海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農機部(bu)(bu)(bu)租金(jin)；三、中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)應(ying)(ying)于(yu)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)(jue)(jue)生效(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)起十日(ri)(ri)(ri)內支付海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農機部(bu)(bu)(bu)遲延付款(kuan)違(wei)約(yue)金(jin)；四、中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)應(ying)(ying)于(yu)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)(jue)(jue)生效(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)起十日(ri)(ri)(ri)內支付海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)永農機部(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)解除(chu)違(wei)約(yue)金(jin)56萬元；五(wu)、駁回中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)其余反訴請求(qiu)。中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油(you)(you)上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)上訴后(hou)，上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)市第一中(zhong)(zhong)級人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院判(pan)(pan)決(jue)(jue)(jue)駁回上訴、維持原(yuan)判(pan)(pan)。
（三）典型意義
本(ben)案(an)是(shi)人民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)審理(li)(li)大(da)型(xing)國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)與(yu)非公有(you)制企業(ye)之(zhi)間租賃合(he)(he)同糾(jiu)紛的(de)(de)典型(xing)案(an)例。本(ben)案(an)爭(zheng)議焦點在于如何(he)認定加油(you)站(zhan)相應證照無(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)變更時海(hai)永(yong)農機(ji)(ji)部與(yu)中石(shi)(shi)油(you)上(shang)海(hai)分(fen)公司(si)各(ge)自(zi)應承擔(dan)的(de)(de)責任。中石(shi)(shi)油(you)上(shang)海(hai)分(fen)公司(si)作(zuo)為大(da)型(xing)國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)，有(you)能(neng)(neng)力亦有(you)條件對(dui)加油(you)站(zhan)證照可能(neng)(neng)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)變更的(de)(de)商業(ye)風險(xian)做出(chu)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)判(pan)斷與(yu)認知。因(yin)此，在合(he)(he)同僅對(dui)海(hai)永(yong)農機(ji)(ji)部課以協助辦(ban)理(li)(li)并提供(gong)必要材(cai)料的(de)(de)義務時，中石(shi)(shi)油(you)上(shang)海(hai)分(fen)公司(si)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)證照未(wei)能(neng)(neng)變更導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)同目(mu)的(de)(de)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)實現歸責于海(hai)永(yong)農機(ji)(ji)部，而應自(zi)行承擔(dan)這一商業(ye)風險(xian)所(suo)帶來的(de)(de)后果(guo)。本(ben)案(an)雙方當(dang)事(shi)人不(bu)(bu)僅所(suo)有(you)制性質不(bu)(bu)同，而且市場地位、經濟實力懸(xuan)殊。人民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)嚴格遵循平(ping)等保護原則，綜合(he)(he)考慮合(he)(he)同雙方締約(yue)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)行業(ye)經驗，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)準確區(qu)(qu)分(fen)商業(ye)風險(xian)和(he)(he)主觀(guan)過錯，確定了合(he)(he)同目(mu)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)實現的(de)(de)原因(yin)和(he)(he)后果(guo)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公正(zheng)保護了不(bu)(bu)同規(gui)模、不(bu)(bu)同區(qu)(qu)域、不(bu)(bu)同所(suo)有(you)制主體的(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權益。
