【案情】
2009年9月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，竇(dou)某(mou)(mou)到(dao)甲(jia)用(yong)人單位(wei)從事保(bao)潔員工(gong)作(zuo)，未(wei)簽(qian)訂(ding)書面(mian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)。但(dan)是，用(yong)人單位(wei)作(zuo)為(wei)甲(jia)方(fang)于(yu)同(tong)年1月(yue)8日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)與(yu)代(dai)表全體職工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)會(hui)主席乙方(fang)簽(qian)訂(ding)《集(ji)體勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)書》，約(yue)定：合(he)(he)同(tong)期限為(wei)2009年1月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至2011年12月(yue)31日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)；甲(jia)方(fang)按(an)經勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)行政部門(men)批(pi)準后的(de)(de)崗位(wei)工(gong)時制度與(yu)乙方(fang)建立(li)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系。該(gai)合(he)(he)同(tong)還對乙方(fang)具體工(gong)作(zuo)內(nei)容、福利待遇、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)安(an)全衛(wei)生、培(pei)訓、合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)變更、解除、終止、合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)爭(zheng)議(yi)處理等進行了(le)約(yue)定。該(gai)合(he)(he)同(tong)于(yu)2009年12月(yue)23日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)經當地勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)和(he)社會(hui)保(bao)障局(ju)審查并通(tong)(tong)知于(yu)同(tong)年1月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)起生效。竇(dou)某(mou)(mou)于(yu)2010年4月(yue)23日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)參加單位(wei)培(pei)訓，其培(pei)訓內(nei)容包含了(le)該(gai)集(ji)體合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)宣讀和(he)講(jiang)解。2011年1月(yue)27日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，用(yong)人單位(wei)向竇(dou)某(mou)(mou)發出解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)通(tong)(tong)知書。竇(dou)某(mou)(mou)認為(wei)，用(yong)人單位(wei)未(wei)與(yu)其簽(qian)訂(ding)書面(mian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，應在勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系成立(li)次月(yue)起向其支付雙(shuang)倍(bei)工(gong)資。糾紛經仲裁后訴起至法(fa)院。
【分歧】
第(di)一種意見認為，集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)同對(dui)(dui)職工(gong)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)工(gong)作內容、福利(li)待遇及合(he)同的(de)(de)變更、解除、終止、合(he)同的(de)(de)爭(zheng)議處理(li)等進行(xing)了(le)約定，集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)同已具(ju)備了(le)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同的(de)(de)主要(yao)條款，并經勞(lao)動(dong)行(xing)政(zheng)主管部(bu)門審查已生效，依法對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)動(dong)者和(he)用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)具(ju)有約束力。用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)培訓時對(dui)(dui)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)同進行(xing)講解和(he)宣讀時，勞(lao)動(dong)者沒有提出(chu)異(yi)議，應視為對(dui)(dui)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)同的(de)(de)承認。勞(lao)動(dong)者與用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)雙方的(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)義務在(zai)(zai)該合(he)同中(zhong)均進行(xing)了(le)約定，用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)無須(xu)再與竇(dou)某簽(qian)訂(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同，故(gu)用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)無須(xu)支付雙倍工(gong)資。
第二(er)種意見認為，集體合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)與勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)人(ren)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)是兩個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)，相關法律法規對(dui)集體合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)和個(ge)人(ren)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)作了(le)分別規定，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)在合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)訂(ding)立(li)主體、合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)生效(xiao)要件等(deng)方(fang)面存在不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。因此，集體合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)并不(bu)能(neng)代替勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，未簽訂(ding)個(ge)人(ren)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，用人(ren)單位(wei)應向勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)支付雙(shuang)倍工資。
【評析】
筆者贊(zan)成第二種意見。
1.集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有別于(yu)個(ge)人勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)第(di)(di)(di)五十一條規(gui)定，集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)由(you)工(gong)會或(huo)職工(gong)代表(biao)與(yu)用(yong)人單位通過平(ping)等協商，就勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時間、休(xiu)息(xi)休(xiu)假(jia)、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安全衛生、保(bao)險(xian)福利等事項訂立(li)的(de)書面協議。從勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)相關規(gui)定上(shang)(shang)看，集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一條款中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)分開表(biao)述(shu)，因此(ci)(ci)集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)兩個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)概念。例如，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)第(di)(di)(di)十八條第(di)(di)(di)二款明確，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)條件等標準(zhun)約定不(bu)明確引發爭(zheng)議的(de)，協商不(bu)成的(de)，適用(yong)集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)定。第(di)(di)(di)五十五條規(gui)定，用(yong)人單位與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者訂立(li)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)條件等標準(zhun)不(bu)得低于(yu)集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)定的(de)標準(zhun)。從上(shang)(shang)述(shu)規(gui)定可以看出，在立(li)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)國家已對(dui)集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和個(ge)人勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)區分表(biao)述(shu)，因此(ci)(ci)，集(ji)體合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)等同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)于(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者個(ge)人勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。
2.集(ji)體(ti)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)不(bu)能代(dai)(dai)替個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。雖然集(ji)體(ti)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)對(dui)工作(zuo)時間(jian)、休假制(zhi)度、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)報酬等(deng)一(yi)些勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)條款的(de)內容作(zuo)了規定，但集(ji)體(ti)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)只能對(dui)具有(you)普遍適用(yong)(yong)性(xing)的(de)問題進行了約定，而(er)(er)諸(zhu)如勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期限(xian)、工作(zuo)崗位(wei)(wei)、工資待遇等(deng)則(ze)因人(ren)而(er)(er)異(yi)，各有(you)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。而(er)(er)且(qie)，集(ji)體(ti)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)與個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)在合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)簽(qian)(qian)訂(ding)主(zhu)體(ti)、合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)生(sheng)效要(yao)件、合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)效力等(deng)方(fang)面存在不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。集(ji)體(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)簽(qian)(qian)訂(ding)主(zhu)體(ti)一(yi)方(fang)是工會或職(zhi)工代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)，另一(yi)方(fang)為用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)；而(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)簽(qian)(qian)訂(ding)主(zhu)體(ti)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)和用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。集(ji)體(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)應(ying)當(dang)提(ti)交職(zhi)工代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)大會或全體(ti)職(zhi)工討論通過、報送當(dang)地勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)行政(zheng)部門備案審查后才生(sheng)效；而(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)經(jing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)與用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)雙方(fang)簽(qian)(qian)字蓋章后便(bian)生(sheng)效。可見，集(ji)體(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)存有(you)較大的(de)差別、兩(liang)者(zhe)不(bu)能相互(hu)替代(dai)(dai)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)與工會或職(zhi)工代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)簽(qian)(qian)訂(ding)集(ji)體(ti)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)后，仍應(ying)簽(qian)(qian)訂(ding)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。
3.僅簽(qian)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)未簽(qian)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)應向勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)雙(shuang)倍工(gong)(gong)資。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)法(fa)第八十二條明確，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之日起超過一個(ge)(ge)月不(bu)滿一年未與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)訂立書面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，應當向勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)每月支付(fu)(fu)(fu)二倍的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資。雖然從文義(yi)解(jie)釋(shi)上看，這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)“書面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)”可理解(jie)為(wei)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)或個(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，但(dan)從勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)立法(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系上看，集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)是兩個(ge)(ge)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)概念。該法(fa)第八十二條的(de)(de)(de)規定沒有任何例外情形。故用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)雖然簽(qian)有集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，但(dan)未與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽(qian)訂個(ge)(ge)人(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，仍應按法(fa)律規定支付(fu)(fu)(fu)雙(shuang)倍工(gong)(gong)資。
（稿件源于中國法院網(wang)）
