【案情】
2014年1月(yue)13日(ri)，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)與江蘇文(wen)信建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)公司簽(qian)(qian)訂了關于江蘇國輪輪胎(tai)有限公司建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承包協議，并(bing)交(jiao)納(na)22萬元(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)。同(tong)年2月(yue)13日(ri)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)又直接與江蘇國輪公司法定(ding)代表人(ren)段某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)簽(qian)(qian)訂工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承包協議，并(bing)交(jiao)納(na)20萬元(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)。2014年2月(yue)25日(ri)，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)與董某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)簽(qian)(qian)訂建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)防水防潮承包合(he)同(tong)，收取保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)15萬元(yuan)；2月(yue)26日(ri)，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)將(jiang)泥(ni)土(tu)、木工(gong)(gong)(gong)、鋼(gang)筋工(gong)(gong)(gong)分(fen)包給李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)、周(zhou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)、宋某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，共收取保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)60萬元(yuan)； 3月(yue)4日(ri)，將(jiang)油漆工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包給宋某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，收取保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)20萬元(yuan)。期(qi)間(jian)因李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)未(wei)交(jiao)付與江蘇國輪公司約定(ding)的(de)剩余保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)，致使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)遲遲未(wei)能開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。3月(yue)初，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)組織挖機進工(gong)(gong)(gong)地時，被(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地原施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員阻(zu)止。被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)在明知工(gong)(gong)(gong)地將(jiang)無法開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)情況(kuang)下，于3月(yue)16日(ri)與湯某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)簽(qian)(qian)訂合(he)同(tong)，將(jiang)已分(fen)包給李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)鋼(gang)筋工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包給湯某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，收取10萬元(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)。當日(ri)，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)離開(kai)邳州(zhou)逃避索債。被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)收取的(de)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)”共計105萬元(yuan)，其中42萬元(yuan)用(yong)于繳納(na)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)，3萬元(yuan)購買儀器(qi)設(she)備，8萬元(yuan)送給他人(ren)作好處費(fei)(fei)，余款用(yong)于償還個人(ren)外債及個人(ren)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)。
公訴(su)機關據此(ci)認為(wei)(wei)，被告人李某以(yi)非法占(zhan)有為(wei)(wei)目的(de)，在(zai)簽訂、履行合同過程中(zhong)騙(pian)取(qu)對(dui)方當事人財(cai)物(wu)，數額特別巨(ju)大，應以(yi)合同詐騙(pian)罪追究其刑事責(ze)任。
【審(shen)判】
邳州法(fa)院經審理(li)認(ren)為，被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)分別與江蘇(su)文(wen)信、江蘇(su)國(guo)(guo)輪(lun)及李(li)自龍等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)簽訂的(de)承包合(he)同(tong)(tong)均系(xi)雙方(fang)真實(shi)(shi)意思表示，且工(gong)程確實(shi)(shi)存在，根(gen)據現有(you)證(zheng)據認(ren)定被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)虛(xu)構(gou)事實(shi)(shi)、隱瞞真相(xiang)騙(pian)(pian)取對方(fang)當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財(cai)(cai)物的(de)證(zheng)據不足。但(dan)被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)在組織人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員進入工(gong)地受阻(zu)后，明知已經無法(fa)施工(gong)，仍虛(xu)構(gou)事實(shi)(shi)與湯某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)簽訂施工(gong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，并(bing)在收(shou)取10萬元保證(zheng)金后逃避索債，此行為符(fu)合(he)合(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)罪的(de)構(gou)成要件(jian)，應以合(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)罪追究(jiu)其刑(xing)事責任。因此，被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)以非法(fa)占有(you)為目(mu)的(de)，在簽訂、履(lv)行合(he)同(tong)(tong)過程中，騙(pian)(pian)取他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財(cai)(cai)物，數額巨大，其行為構(gou)成合(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)罪。被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)歸(gui)案后如實(shi)(shi)供(gong)述(shu)犯罪事實(shi)(shi)，依(yi)(yi)法(fa)可從輕(qing)處罰(fa)。綜上，依(yi)(yi)照《中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)(guo)刑(xing)法(fa)》第(di)二(er)百二(er)十(shi)四條、第(di)六(liu)十(shi)七(qi)條第(di)三款、第(di)六(liu)十(shi)四條之規定，判決：一、被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)犯合(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)罪，判處有(you)期徒刑(xing)三年六(liu)個月，并(bing)處罰(fa)金人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)幣(bi)二(er)萬元；二(er)、責令(ling)被告(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)退賠犯罪所得(de)，返(fan)還受害人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
一(yi)審宣(xuan)判后，在法定(ding)期限(xian)內(nei)被告(gao)人未上(shang)訴(su)，公訴(su)機關亦未抗訴(su)，一(yi)審判決已發(fa)生法律效率(lv)。
【評析】
本(ben)案(an)是(shi)一起典型(xing)的刑(xing)民交叉(cha)案(an)件，難點(dian)在于(yu)本(ben)案(an)被告人李某收取的105萬元保證金是(shi)否都屬于(yu)合同(tong)詐騙罪數(shu)額(e)。
合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)詐騙(pian)罪與(yu)民事合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)糾紛(fen)性質不同(tong)(tong)(tong)，但二者在(zai)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)履行(xing)(xing)瑕疵、造成(cheng)損失等客觀表現方(fang)面(mian)卻有(you)(you)著相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)或相(xiang)似之處，合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的一方(fang)當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有(you)(you)履行(xing)(xing)或者沒(mei)有(you)(you)完全履行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，使對(dui)方(fang)受到損失，如(ru)果(guo)一方(fang)在(zai)簽訂合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時有(you)(you)欺騙(pian)性和非法占有(you)(you)的因(yin)(yin)素，則構成(cheng)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)詐騙(pian)罪，如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)(you)非法占有(you)(you)的目的，只(zhi)是因(yin)(yin)為在(zai)履行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，因(yin)(yin)遇(yu)天災人(ren)(ren)禍或市(shi)場(chang)變(bian)化等不可抗(kang)力(li)的客觀因(yin)(yin)素，使當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有(you)(you)能(neng)力(li)繼續(xu)履行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的，只(zhi)能(neng)定(ding)性為合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)糾紛(fen)。
本案中(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)分別與江(jiang)蘇(su)文信公司(si)、江(jiang)蘇(su)國(guo)(guo)(guo)輪(lun)公司(si)簽訂建設工程施(shi)工合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)后(hou)，分兩次交給江(jiang)蘇(su)國(guo)(guo)(guo)輪(lun)公司(si)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)金，并購買了(le)施(shi)工儀器設備，組織(zhi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)準(zhun)備進駐工地(di)。被(bei)(bei)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)分別與江(jiang)蘇(su)文信、江(jiang)蘇(su)國(guo)(guo)(guo)輪(lun)及李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)等人(ren)(ren)簽訂的(de)承包合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)均(jun)系雙方真實意思表示(shi)，且工程確實存在，后(hou)因客(ke)觀(guan)原因未能履(lv)行合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，應(ying)(ying)屬民事(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)糾紛(fen)范圍，因此(ci)，根據現有證(zheng)據認定被(bei)(bei)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)虛(xu)構(gou)(gou)事(shi)(shi)實、隱瞞真相騙取(qu)對方當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)財物的(de)證(zheng)據不足，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)收取(qu)的(de)董某(mou)(mou)(mou)、李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)、周某(mou)(mou)(mou)、宋(song)某(mou)(mou)(mou)、宋(song)某(mou)(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)(mou)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)金95萬元(yuan)不能認定為合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙數(shu)額。但被(bei)(bei)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)在組織(zhi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進入工地(di)受阻后(hou)，明知已經無法(fa)施(shi)工，仍虛(xu)構(gou)(gou)事(shi)(shi)實與湯某(mou)(mou)(mou)簽訂施(shi)工合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，并在收取(qu)10萬元(yuan)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)金后(hou)逃(tao)避(bi)索債，此(ci)行為符合(he)(he)(he)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙罪的(de)構(gou)(gou)成要件，應(ying)(ying)以合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙罪追(zhui)究其刑事(shi)(shi)責任，因此(ci)，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)收取(qu)湯某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)金10萬元(yuan)應(ying)(ying)認定為合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)詐(zha)騙罪數(shu)額。(源于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)法(fa)院網）
